An October 2024 study by the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry said,

“We estimate that globally in 2019, almost a third of asthma cases are attributable to long-term [Particulate Matter] exposure, corresponding to 63.5 million existing cases and 11.4 million new cases. In Germany, the pollution may have been responsible for 11 percent of new asthma cases, which corresponds to 28,000 people. We also find that the risk of asthma associated with [Particulate Matter] is much higher in children than in adults, reflecting the age-related vulnerability”,

“Our findings highlight the urgent need for policymakers to enforce stringent legislation to continuously combat air pollution, while personal protective measures, such as wearing masks, can also help reduce individual exposure and mitigate the risk of asthma,”