An August 2019 study by Trinity College Dublin found,

  • “…lower levels of specific vitamins and antioxidants - and having low levels of more than one micronutrient - is consistently and progressively associated with the most commonly used methods for measuring frailty.”

  • “…low micronutrient status may act as an easily modified marker and intervention target for frailty among adults aged 50 years and over".

  • "Frailty occurs when a number of systems in the body lose reserve capacity and therefore the ability to 'bounce back' after even trivial illnesses.”

  • “[Frailty] is an important and challenging state; commonly associated with ageing but also common in patients of any age who have major surgery, cancer treatments and severe infections.”

  • The hall mark of frailty is muscle weakness. If it is recognised in its early stages, it can be reversed. However, the longer it is present, the more difficult is it to 'bounce back' and generalised weakness and fatigue become progressively worse."

  • "… micronutrients (including vitamin D) are associated with better health outcomes in older adults.”